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Aim: The Cirujanos en Accion and Hernia International foundations carried out their own and collaborative surgical campaigns in developing countries. In 2020 and 2021 the programme had to be suspended due to Covid. In 2022 we restarted our actions, analysed the difficulties of reactivation and described the campaigns that had been carried out and those that had to be delayed. Material/ Methods: We describe the 9 campaigns of Surgeons in Action, our own and in collaboration with Hernia International and our own campaign to the region of Naborno Karabakh, planned for September and cancelled 24 hours before departure due to the resurgence of armed conflict. An analysis is made of volunteers, places, type (adults or children or mixed), collaborations with other foundations, patients operated and procedures done according to pathologies, integration with local staff with exchange of knowledge. Result(s): Made in 8 countries (Benin, Camerun, Gambia (2), Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Tanzania, Sierra Leone) and postponed in one country, the Naborno Karabakh region of Armenia. 85 volunteers (25 general and 10 paediatric surgeons, 19 anaesthetists, 3 intensivists, 23 nurses, 5 audiovisuals);local staff;1144 patients (473 children, 671 adults), 1325 procedures for various pathologies (hernias, goitres, hydroceles, undescendend testis, soft tissue tumours, etc.) Conclusion(s): 9 campaigns have been carried out successfully and new locations have been opened with a good projection for the coming years, and we have experienced difficulties with the cancellation of a mega-campaign in an area with geopolitical conflicts - to be taken into account in the future.
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INTRODUCTION: The Covid-19 pandemic affected the operations of Global Health Missions. We describe the experience of providing critical care support internationally, finding alternatives for the Pediatric Fundamental Critical Care Support (PFCCS) course to adapt to these constraints. A group of PFCCS consultants, directors, and instructors from Pediatric Life-Saving Effort (PULSE) conducted courses in New York and Nigeria. METHOD(S): A pilot PFCCS course was scheduled for December 2021 at a registered center in NYC, USA, with the "online-hosted" option for the lectures. A "hybrid" (virtual and in-person) virtual modality on Zoom for the skills stations facilitated the training of pediatric residents and nurses from 2 community hospitals: 14 participants, 2 local, and 4 remote instructors. Two "break out" rooms were assigned for a specific skills station. The audio-visual display of the remote instructor was via a monitor screen augmented with an external microphone. Webcams were connected to the computer for remote instructors to visualize the skill station as a volunteer manipulated the vital sign simulator. We used the "side by side: speaker" option in the "view" feature to display the remote instructor simultaneously. Remote instructors used a chat application to advise changes on the digital monitors while following a scripted scenario. Local instructors acted as facilitators. This course was replicated in Nigeria to support a project spearheaded by Health Place for Children Initiative to establish the first PICU at The University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. n candidates became PFCCS certified. Feedback from course experiences was gathered by email and standardized surveys. RESULT(S): Remote instructors in Italy, Mexico, and Texas effectively engaged virtually to conduct the skills stations. Their experience was similar to their vast experience conducting live skills stations. There was positive feedback about the quality of the skill stations. Their experience was similar to other scenarios of crisis resource management conducted regularly at TBHC. CONCLUSION(S): The pandemic significantly reduced PULSE's activity in international educational missions. The "hybrid" model of PFCCS courses can reduce the logistical and financial burden of international courses.
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Einleitung Social medicine and other social sciences have long shown that health is not born of pure biology operating separately from social structures. Social health, itself a contested term, has variously attempted to stress the social aspects of health. Existing understandings, however, reify social life. To move beyond such reifications and develop a more nuanced understanding of social health in the making, we investigate how political measures, undertaken to curtail the spread of Covid-19, effected everyday lives with a particular focus on social health understood as something which is enacted in and through social practice. Methoden The presentation draws on empirical data collected in an ethnographic study of the Covid-19 pandemic between March 2020 and April 2022. 80 individuals from across Germany participated in the study. Interviews, focused on everyday practices, were conducted in three-months-intervals. Additionally, participants had the possibility of adding audio-visual materials from their everyday lives. The paper adopts an interplay between a deductive theoretical concept and inductive understandings found in the data. We asked: what is social health and how is it lived? This approach enabled us to engage intriguing findings that challenged or enriched our deductive model and in returning to the data we further interrogated our initial understandings through comparison and reflection. Constructing our empirical account was an ongoing pragmatic process of 'puzzling out' and problem solving that drew on our existing theoretical understandings. Ergebnisse Our presentation concretizes our theoretical understandings with original data sourced during the pandemic to advance a robust notion showing health to be lived social practices sustained in care work. Facing both threats to their biological and social health, our data shows how care work both for self and other, long rendered invisible, became indispensable for participants innovatively maintaining their social health during the pandemic. The analysis shows creative, reflexive, meaning-making actors not over-determined by structural realities or behavioral choices but rather exercising agency to develop new modes of care for self and other. Ultimately, it reveals that health is lived and practiced in the minutiae of the everyday and that it unfolds in the complexity, fluidity and dynamicity of social relations, precisely that which was altered in an instant by the Maßnahmen. Schlussfolgerung Health as this ethnographic study during a time of crisis demonstrates cannot be reduced to behaviors with consequences for biological and psychological? health but needs to be widened to grasp the importance of social practices long understood to be meaningless for health. Studying social health through the lens of ethnography enables a robust and novel understanding of social health capable of grasping health as lived social practice sustained in care work.
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The internet or net as it is known today has become an essential part of our living experience. Most industries operations have been drastically altered by the internet. Because of the increasing use of the internet among the audience, the Indian entertainment sectorhas seen significant changes in its operations. Gone are the times when we had to wait a week to catch up on the latest episode of our favourite television series or look forward to blockbuster movies being shown on large screens. Consumers increasingly becoming well-versed in the new technology and the customization and personalization of products and streaming services this technology provides,are the reasons for the surge in the usage of OTT platforms--Platforms for online video content screening and streaming--and therefore preferring it over the traditional television/cable system. The future of these OTT platforms is even assuring as these online services are being made more accessible by the internet's availability.Also, with the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI), OTT platforms are able to optimize their delivery as they can learn about their customers preferences and hence give a user rice experience. This review paper will attempt to explore the rise of these OTT platforms, factors influencing their success, how Covid played an important role in its growth andtheir future.
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Introduction: Blended learning, which combines in-person learning and e-learning, has grown rapidly in education. Advantages of this modality include control over content, learning sequence, and pace of learning, allowing participants to tailor their experiences to meet their personal learning objectives. Blended learning enables adaptive and collaborative learning and transforms the teacher's role from transmitting knowledge (instructing) to facilitating learning. Objectives: Our study aimed to assess the efficacy of blended learning in a pediatric scoliosis training program through the largest Surgical Training Institution in Sub-Saharan Africa, The College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA). Material and Methods: The course comprised of three parts;1-the online portion, which allowed participants to review lectures, papers, and audiovisual materials over a 3-week period;2-the in-person session, where participants spent a full day with an international expert, reviewing cases in a team-based approach and coming to a consensus on treatment strategy;and 3-a one week, in-person experience where participants were exposed to pre-surgical planning conferences, clinic, casting, and scrubbing into surgeries with international experts. All participants completed a Needs Assessment (NA) and quiz prior to the course. The NA contained 6 various topics, with 3 questions for each topic scored by a 10-point scale in pediatric spine deformity. The quiz included 15 surgical and clinical questions related to the pediatric spine deformity topics. The NA and quiz were taken before the course, after the online session, and after the in-person session. A final survey was conducted at the end of the in-person surgical week. Results: Thirty-six orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons enrolled in the course primarily from Tanzania, Kenya, and Malawi. The NA assessment scores improved significantly over the course of the three surveys from 67.3 prior to the course, to 90.9 mid-course, and 94.0 after the course (p = 0.0007). The clinical quiz scores improved over the 3 time points from 9.91 to 11.9, and 12.3, respectively. At the end of the in-person surgical week, 100% of respondents stated that they had improvement in knowledge and 92% considered the knowledge sufficient to change their clinical practice. In surveying the persistent obstacles to translating knowledge gained through blended learning to clinical practice, the top responses were constraints in personnel and cost of implants at their home institution. Conclusion: The blended learning approach in a pediatric spine deformity program is effective, feasible, and shows a statistically significant change in participants' confidence and knowledgebase in these complex pathologies. Our results are limited due to the small sample size. Future studies will evaluate larger number of participants in the post-COVID era and translation to other areas of spine surgery, such as minimally-invasive surgery.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 affected people mobility worldwide. As a result, both international and domestic tourists almost completely cancelled their bookings, airlines cancelled most of their flights, almost all in-person meetings and events were suspended and PCO’s faced vast economic losses, as their turnover was reduced by over 75% for 2020, with the visitors/attendees decreased by over 90%. The aim of this paper was to investigate the extent to which new technologies were used in organizing and conducting digital events during the pandemic period and their overall impact on the congress market. For this we conducted both a primary and a secondary research;primary data were collected by interviewing the administrative personnel of Hotels, PCO’s, DMC’s, and Audiovisual companies and secondary data were obtained by reviewing journals, historical records, relevant studies conducted by tourism associations and also UNWTO statistics. Our results confirmed that there was a transition of MICE tourism to a new digital environment, in terms of organization of meetings and events and the use of technology throughout their operation. We believe that our study will provide evidence that technology has an important role in conference organization and management in the post-COVID-19 era. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Background: The utilization of audiovisual media information technology as a method that can be used to provide nursing services to schizophrenic patients in hospitals and the community during the COVID-19 pandemic is one thing that needs to be considered. The purpose of the study: is to analyze the literature on the effect of mental health interventions through audiovisual media on caregivers' ability to treat schizophrenic patients. Methods: This article was compiled through the literature review method. Literature is drawn from PubMed, ProQuest, and Scorpus. The search for articles was limited to publications from 2016 to 2021. The literature obtained as many as six articles that met the inclusion criteria using a review protocol through the PRISMA checklist. Through screening inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality assessment, and data extraction stages. All relevant articles were analyzed based on quality and relevance to the review topic, questions, and literature review objectives. Result: Based on the results of the analysis of six articles that have been reviewed about the effectiveness of audiovisual media on the caregiver's ability to treat schizophrenic patients. There are five articles or 83% of journals that state that audiovisual media effectively improves the caregiver's ability to care for schizophrenic patients. Another article stated that the Audiovisual module that was compiled was valid and reliable, so it was hoped that it would improve the caregiver's ability to care for schizophrenic patients. Conclusion: Audiovisual media effectively increases caregivers in caring for schizophrenic patients at home.